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Kiev was the center of Ukrainian culture in the second half of the 17th century. Part three

The works, which represent a new, significant step in the development of Russian historiography, were written in Kiev in the second half of the 17th century. These are The Chronicle of the Chroniclers of the Ancients by Feodosi Safonovich (published in 1672) and the Synopsis by an unknown author1. The second part of F. Safonovich's Chronicles contains a collection of historical stories about outstanding events in Ukraine from the 13th to the end of the 17th century. The author expresses his opinion about the common origin of the Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian peoples, about the regularity and historical motivation of the reunification of Ukraine with Russia.

The development of historiography of the 17th century is completed by the Synopsis, published in Kiev in 1674. It reflects the historical past of the Ukrainian people in connection with the history of the fraternal Russian people. The common origin of the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples and the commonality of their struggle against external enemies are shown.

In the second half of the 17th century, a group of philologists, teachers, experts in many languages, polemicist writers, church, literary and political figures who took an active part in the cultural life of Ukraine and Russia worked in Kiev.
The author of many polemical works directed against Uniates and Jesuits was John Galyatovsky. His collection "The Key of Understanding" was an example of the oratory of his time, and his works "The Old Man's Church" and "Conversation" played a significant role in the struggle of the Ukrainian people against uniatism and the papacy.

Trying to be understandable to the people, Galyatovsky wrote in a language close enough to the vernacular. He actively advocated cultural and literary relations between the Ukrainian and Russian peoples.

St. George's Cathedral of the Vydubitsky Monastery. 1696-1707

An outstanding philologist, teacher and literary figure was Epiphanius Slavinetsky, who translated many works of the then European scientists on geography, history, and medicine. He wrote a number of original works, conversations, poems, canons.

Lazar Baranovich (1620-1693), professor and rector of the Fraternal College, was the author of numerous polemical works directed against Catholics and Uniates, as well as collections of teachings, lives of saints, and poems. Acting as a preacher and writer-theologian, Baranovich defended the interests of the feudal lords. He actively supported the struggle of the people for the reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
Famous Kiev scientists and writers were also I. Maksimovich, A. Satanovsky, V. Golenkivsky, G. Dometsky, A. Radivilovsky and others.

The theater, which existed in the form of a school drama and a puppet theater, gained significant development in Kiev.
After the Liberation War of 1648-1654. Architecture was developing rapidly. Monumental cathedrals and bell towers are being built, which provided the city with originality and special beauty, enriching its silhouette. An example of new church construction was the church in the Mezhigirsky Monastery, which was started in the 70s. The same type of church was built in Bratsk and Pustyn-Nikolsky monasteries by architect I. Startsev, who successfully combined the Ukrainian style with the features of Russian art.

The Fraternal Collegium of Kiev-Pechersk Printing House played a significant role in the development of Ukrainian fine art. The best engravers at that time were I. Shchirsky and L. Tarasevich, who left many works, among them illustrations in the Kievo-Pechersk Paterik, as well as many engravings reflecting the Kiev reality of that time.

Of the paintings by Kiev masters, the most famous are iconostases, icons, murals and portraits. The iconostases of the Kiev Nikolsky Cathedral, the painting of which began in the 90s of the 17th century, the iconostasis of St. George's Cathedral, the Vydubitsky Monastery and others are noted for their originality and brightness.

Kiev was also the center of musical culture of Ukraine. Singing was taught at a high level in the fraternal school and college, which was greatly facilitated by M. P. Diletsky, a well-known Ukrainian composer and teacher.
In the second half of the 17th century, Kiev as a cultural center played a major role not only in the life of Ukraine, but also in Russia as a whole, contributing to the development of cultural relations, mutual influence and closer rapprochement between the Russian and Ukrainian peoples. The Melbet loyalty program bonus is earned through consistent play on the platform. Players accumulate points for every wager placed, which can later be exchanged for various rewards. The melbet promo code bangladesh bonus sum available here is not fixed; it depends on your activity level and can be converted into free bets, real cash, or other perks. This system provides continuous value for regular users.
 
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